Apparatus for use in the distribution of electric currents.



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A. F. BERRY. APPARATUS FOR USE IN DISTRIBUTIUN 0E E APPLICATION ;LED MAR.14, 1910. 1,10,409

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inllllll KILIESM w i K/LTNESSES:

5.,.. Se. f? Mw-q A. P. BERRY. APPARATUS Fon USE IN THE DISTRIBUTION 0F ELECTRIC GURRBNTS APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14, 1910.

Paten-tea 1580.5, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INI/Summa ARTHUR .ZIT BERRE l f bis TTRNE'Y A F. BERRY. vIUEPAEMI'IUS FOR USB IN TBI-l DISTRIBUTION 0F ELECTRIC CURRENTS, APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14, 1910.

.IO,409. Patented 5, 19u. 5 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

A. I. BERRY. APPARATUS FOR USE IN THB DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC GURRENTS. APPLICATION FILED MAR.14, 1910. 1,010,409, Patented 1380.5, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Illllll |1111 1 are adapted `ents Nos. 706,550

UNITED STATES LRTHUR F. BERRY, OF EALINGfENGLAND, A A CORPORATION PATENT onnron.

SSIGNOR T0 GENERAL ELECTRIQ COMPANY,

0F NEW YORK. I i

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 14, 1910.

'lialten ted Dec. 5, 1,911. semi No. 549,132.

To a/Z fio/icm il? may concern:

Be it: known that l', An'riiin F. Benny, a subject of the ,King ol Great Britain, resid- 'ing at Ealing, ivliddlesex, England, have invented Certain new and useful Improve- Jnone in -lUharatns' for" USe in'fthe Distribution ot lflectrie tlni'rel'ite.y

MLV firwention .ielates to inn'novennnts lin Warning 't'or nee in the distribution of einatog' electric currents eoni'prising'a ransiforiner arranged to be antmnatically pnt into or onty ol" etiective userin accord ance with the load on the Secondary circuit, and the object of my invention is to .limit the losses: inthe traneformer when .it has. no load or a very small load in the second ary cir-enit.

yAllore siieciically, my invention relates in general to iniproveinente in the apparatnfs which l have d l'bed in my former PatainlVHtlO/l and iny pres"- ent invention has 'for-'its object. to Simplify the construction anil improve the Working oi apparatus ofthe kind referred lo andfto conncetionn which provide apparaiin; and

not only 'for station nee but also tor n; e on consnin'ei preniiees'.'

il" acconiplieh ai l the object, of my in-v'f-ntion by coiinezztiiml 'o the primary of thetrane- 'former or tran Y liners a reaefive or conA trolling` windin which is adapted to exercise a ehoh'ino' el'eot on the transformer oircuit when liiii'lcor no enrrent; is 'flowing through the secondary circuit, This re- :nwtiye winding' iinfreasoe the impedance of the transformer Circuit and to -pnt the trrflnSforiner ont of effective use. Without disconnecting it; from the circuit, and arranged to be eliort-eiicnited by'shoijt-circnit ing n'imfliariifsin when correnti flows in the l secon(iai-yeirenit or increz :S beyond a 'prei determined. amount. The short-circuitiner mechanism may be aranged to' be actuated .yllolly" or iny part` by this-reactive Winding, andit n'iay be held in the short-oireuiting position by a second winding which I shall call a retaining Winding. vWhen the current falls so as to be equal to or below the 'predetermined amount for which the short,- cireniting ineohanieni is arranged to 013er`- ate, this mechanism is automatically re- .leased and the reactiveA Windingv again' placedv in seriee with th/e transformer.

' l The further .novelties-4 of my invention are pointed out with moreparticu'larity in the i claiinfe` annexed to and forming ay part of the inentary transformer, as Shown in iny previt ons patente; Fig. TshowingF an arrangement for a eoi'npensator or a1itzo-transformer; and l Fig. 8 Showinga .modified forni of oonstrnction. v l loiorring tiret to Fig. 1, I have shown tranntornier Which-has a, primary Winding 1 and a secondary winding' 2. winding` is connected to 3, At which are connected to aJ suitable Source of supply. which is not shown. The Second ary winding Q Ais connected to conductors 5 and (3 which 'supply suitable translating' devices.- In series with the nriinary 1 are reactive 'windings 7, 7. The Winding 7 is shown as lconnected in scrieSAWith another windingjS which I shall call the retaining winding`r for convenience. Vindin'g 7 is lcalled, also for conveniencd theoontrollingwinding The primary supply conductors but it is to be understood that it, inay .be considered as ftn'rning` part of the reactive winding'. Vindings 7 andl 8 are. shown as liorininga portion of an electrovl'nagnetic mechanism Which also comprises a cylindrical iron-'core 9 Wfhioh may be lalninatefh'it defirod, inclosing Windings 8 and 7 and the armature 10 which. is inclosed by these Win-dinge. The upper end of arma-ture 1() is provided with a collar 11 arranged toV be held magnetically against the upper end ot magnet core O after it has been attracted thereto.` Connected to the arniatnre 10 by means of link 12 ,is the short-circnitingmechanism which consists of a switch lever 13 pivoted at 14; and having one end loaded with a' Weight) 15 and a Contact 16 at the other end. In operative relation With oontaot 16 are oontacts17 and 18 which are; connected tocondnotors at either end of \Windings 7 7', so that closing these contacts short-circuits windings 7, 7. The arm 13 is oounterbalaneed/by weight; 15 so thabit is nonnallyvbigaed 4for-an open-cirouit position as shown in the drawing. Then the windings of the electromagnetic mechanism in operative relation with the short-circuiting mechanism are energized with greater than a predetermined amount of current, they will pull down the switch lever and thus short-circuit windings 7, 7. The dash pot 19 is connected to the lever so that the circuit may be closed rapidly, but will be opened somewhat slowly.

The manner in which this device o1 crates is as follows: Normally the reactive and controlling windings 7, 7 are in series with the primary of the transformer. Vhcn the current flows in the secondary or increases beyond a predetermined amount, the current flowing through the retaining winding 8 and thc controlling 'vinding 7 will be so great as to cause the armature lO t0 be pulled down, thus closing the circuit between the contacts 17 and 1S and short-circuiting the reactive and controlling windings. The retaining winding S, however, will still be in thc circuit and will hold the switching mechanism in its short-circuiting position until such time as the secondary current falls below the predetermined amount for which the electromagnetic n'iechanism is set, in which case the weight l5 will cause the switching lever to slowly change its position, and the reactive winding' will again be placed in series with the primary of the transformer. As will be seen, when there is no current or a very small current in the secondary circuit, the reactive winding, in which, as stated above, I may also include what I call the controlling winding, will exert its full choking effect on the primary winding so as to, in effect, put. the transformer out of action without disconnecting it from the primary supply conductors 3 and et, thereby preventing waste et' electric energy in the transformer. `When the current in the secondary circuit rises above the predetermined value or when it re-commences to tlow, supposing it. to have been cut oli', the impedance of the primary winding l will be reduced to such an extent as to allow suiticient current to tlow through the react-ive and controlling winding 7 so as to enable it to attract thc armature l0, and thus close the switch, thereby short-circuiting itself in the manner already described and enabling a larger current to flow through the primary winding l and also through the retaining winding 8 which will then act to hold the armature l() in its attracted position, and-keep the switfli lever in its shortcircuited position.

It will be obvious, while I have illustrated the controlling winding 7 and the reactive winding 7 as two windings, for the purposes of clearness, and have so described them, that the entire reactive winding may be placed in operative relation with the armature 10 in a similar manner to the winding 7, as shown; that is, winding 7 would be increased and winding 7 omitted, and various other constructions, which would be simple in character and obvious to those skilled in the art and which I have not deemed it necessary therefore to illustrate, may be adopted.

It will also be obvious, that, while I have shownva particular form of short-circuiting switch embracing the contacts 17 and 1S and the movable member 1G, any form of switch auch as desired may be used, and I do not limit myself to this particular form, which is diagrammatically shown for clear-ness of illustration.

Referring now to Fig. 2, I have shown a modication of the connections shown in Fig. l. This modification consists in arranging a reactive winding in serieswwith'vy both sides of the primary winding of the transformer. In this case the switch lever 13 must be provided with two sets of shortcircuiting switches, as shown in the diagram, these switches short-circuiting both the reactive and controlling windings.

Fig. 3 shows a further modification of my invention, wherein the retaining winding isA 5 not normally connected in series with the controlling winding but is normally disconnected from the circuit, and the controlling and reactive windings are connected in series with primary and supply conductors and 4. Then the current in the transformer exceeds the predetermined amount,' the switch mechanism is actuated in 4`the` manner previously described and the con-", trolling or reactive windings are short-circuited while the retaining winding is peutv directly in series with the primary winding of the transformer. This result is accom plishcd by providing the switch lever with an additional short-circuiting device 19, 20, which, as will be seen from an inspection of the figure connects the controlling winding 7 directly to the conductor 4. After the current has reached a predetermined amount so that winding 7 pulls down armature 10 in a manner similar to that already described in reference to Fig. l, the Contact 163 and contacts 17i short-circuit thereactivyl and controlling windings and connect retaining winding 8 directly in'y series with primary winding l.

In Fig. 4 I have shown a still further modication ofthe connections which I may use. This modification consists in connecting the retaining winding directly in series' with the secondary circuit. It will be obvious, however, that modifications or" the connections which I have illustrated will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art and I have not considered it necessary to illustrate such. The connections of the apparatus shown in Fig. '4 cause the apparatus thus assist the action of the retaining winding. Inthe cnstruction, which I have shown also, the transformer, with its primary and secondary windings, and the controlling and retaining windings, with the switching device, are shown as combined into one unit.

lVhile I have shown and described my invention as embodied in certain particular forms and construction of apparatus, I do notlimit myself to such forms and construction but seek in the appended claims to cover all forms and construction which shall be within the scope of my invention and be obvious to those skilled in the art.

,Vhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

l. In combination, a transtormeiga reactive winding normally in series therewith, and means Jfor short circniting said winding when the transformer load is greater than a predetermined amount, said means comprising a short circuiting mechanism and an electro-magnetic mechanism in operative re`- lation therewith, embracing a controlling winding short circnited substantially simultaneously with the reactive winding, and a retaining winding both windings normally. energized by a current substantially propor-u tional to the transformer load.

2. In combination, a transformer, a reactive winding normally in series therewith, and means tor short circniting said winding when the transformer load is greater than a. predetermined amount, said means comprising a short circniting mechanism and an electro-magnetic mechanism in operative relation therewith, embracing controlling and retaining windings, the controlling winding forming a portion of the reactive winding and being short circnited substantially simultaneously with the reactive winding, the controlling and retaining windings being normally energized by a. current substantially proportional to Vthe transformer load.

3. In combination, a main transformer, a. supplementary transformer having its windings in series therewith,'.a reactive winding normally in series therewith, and means for short circuitino the windings of the supplementary transformer, and the reactive winding, when the transformer load is greater than a predetermined amount, said means comprislng a short circuiting mechanism and an electro-magnetic mechanism in operative relation therewith, embracing a controlling winding short circuited substantially simultaneously with the reactive winding, and a retaining winding both windings normally energized by a current substantially proportional to the transformer load.

4. In combination, a main transformer, a supplementary transformer having its windings in series therewith, a reactive winding normally in series therewith, and means for short circuiting the windings of the supplementary transformer, and the reactive winding, when the transformer load is greater than a predetermined amount, said means comprising a short circuiting mechanism and an electromagnetic mechanism in operative relation therewith, embracing controlling and retaining windings, the controlling winding forming a portion of the reactive winding and being short circnited simultaneously with the reactive winding, the controlling and retaining windings being normally energized by a current substantially proportional to the transformer load.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of March, 1910.

ARTHUR F. BERRY.

IVitneSSes Y MAURICE A. V. LONDON, J. C. VREST. 

